Reference library
Explore language-specific resources and learning guides.
Explore the differences between tone‑mark and tone‑number romanization of Mandarin Chinese. Learn the major systems, rules, examples, and best practices for academic, travel, and digital use.
A comprehensive comparison of the two major Korean romanization systems: Revised Romanization (RR) and McCune–Reischauer (MR). Learn the rules, see examples, and discover which system to use for academic, travel, or digital contexts.
Japanese personal and place names often appear in several Romanized forms because different romanization systems apply distinct phonological rules. This guide explains the native scripts, major systems, recommended usage, and how to avoid common pitfalls.
Korean romanization is not a simple letter-for-letter mapping; consonants shift due to phonological rules like aspiration, tensing, and assimilation. This guide explains the major systems—Revised Romanization and McCune‑Reischauer—with charts, examples, and practical advice for learners and professionals.
Explore the essential differences between Hanyu Pinyin and Wade–Giles, the two most influential romanization systems for Chinese. Learn the rules, tone marks, examples, and when to choose each system for academic, travel, or digital use.