Reference library
Overview of writing systems and their character sets used across languages.
A comprehensive guide comparing the two dominant romanization systems for Russian: ISO 9 (reversible, academic) and BGN/PCGN (geographic, passport). Includes alphabet charts, rules, examples, and recommendations for different use cases.
A comprehensive guide to Hebrew romanization systems, including ALA-LC, BGN/PCGN, ISO 259, and the Academy of the Hebrew Language standard. Learn the rules for vowels, consonants, diacritics, and word separation, with practical examples and recommendations for academic, geographic, and digital use.
A comprehensive guide to Arabic romanization systems, including ALA-LC, ISO 233, and BGN/PCGN. Learn the rules, see comparison tables, and understand how to accurately transliterate Arabic script into Latin characters for academic, travel, and digital use.
A comprehensive guide to romanizing Arabic names and text for English-speaking audiences. Covers major systems like ALA-LC and BGN/PCGN, provides alphabet charts, vowel and consonant rules, diacritic handling, and real-world examples. Essential for linguists, librarians, and travelers.
Arabic names appear in countless English spellings due to competing romanization systems, historical conventions, and regional variations. This guide explains the major systems, their rules, and how to navigate the inconsistencies for accurate transcription.
A comprehensive guide comparing formal transliteration standards (ISO 843, ELOT 743) with informal Greeklish romanization, covering alphabet charts, rules, and practical examples for learners and professionals.
A comprehensive guide to transliterating Serbian Cyrillic into Latin script, covering major systems (Gaj’s Latin, ISO 9, BGN/PCGN, ALA-LC), detailed character charts, pronunciation notes, and practical examples for learners and professionals.